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“The first step is putting data on the Web in a form that machines can naturally understand, or converting it to that form. This creates what I call a Semantic Web – a web of data that can be processed directly or indirectly by machines.”
Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, Harper San Francisco, 1999

        The Semantic Web offers technologies for conceptual structuring, annotating, and indexing of educational resources that allow for efficient semantic retrieval and the increasingly popular Social Web offers means for sharing, distributing, popularizing, promoting and recommending online resources. These modules will help you in combining the popular content management system Drupal with a Fedora Commons repository, using Islandora as a middleware.

        The recent advancements in the Web development hold promises for improving the repository discoverability, searchability, and shareability. From one side, the Semantic Web offers technologies for conceptual structuring, annotating, and indexing of educational resources that allow for efficient semantic retrieval. From another side, the increasingly popular Social Web offers means for sharing, distributing, popularizing, promoting and recommending online resources. The goal here is to investigate the possibilities for combining the benefits of these two approaches and for designing a framework of a content management system that supports both.

        The idea behind the Semantic Web is about making web pages machine readable and the Semantic Web Layer cake (see Fig. 2.1) is a systematic approach of achieving this target.


Figure 2.1. The original Semantic Web “layer cake” as presented by Tim Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html

Approaches to integrating Social and Semantic Web functionalities in CMS
The integration of Social and Semantic Web functionalities in CMS could be achieved in several ways, including:
  • Drupal-based CMS: Developing Drupal modules for implementing RDF/RDFS support allowing semantic annotating of content.
  • Fedora-based CMS: Extending the Fedora Commons framework and Fedora data model with social features.
  • Drupal-Fedora based CMS: Integrating a Fedora repository within a Drupal installation.
 
Step by Step Installation Guides

SOFTWARE 


ISLANDORA Wamp Drupal & Fedora KIT
Download Quick Startup KIT from sourceforge to speed up your installation


DRUPAL INSTALLATION


FEDORA INSTALLATION


DIG DEEP: INTEGRATING SOCIAL AND SEMANTIC WEB FUNCTIONALITY IN CMS


GSEARCH INSTALLATION



CLICK ON PHOTO TO SHUFFLE



Errors during gsearch installation http://computersciencetechie.blogspot.com/2011/02/gsearcherrors.html                                                                                                                                          
Errors during Islandora installation http://computersciencetechie.blogspot.com/2011/02/errors-during-islandora-installation.html


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INTEGRATION OF SOCIAL AND SEMANTIC WEB FEATURES IN CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: ISLANDORA


4.1 Approaches to integrating Social and Semantic Web functionalities in CMS
  • The integration of Social and Semantic Web functionalities in CMS could be achieved in several ways, including:
  • Drupal-based CMS: Developing Drupal modules for implementing RDF/RDFS support allowing semantic annotating of content.
  • Fedora-based CMS: Extending the Fedora Commons framework and Fedora data model with social features.
  • Drupal-Fedora based CMS: Integrating a Fedora repository within a Drupal installation.
As I have already mentioned, after some research and experimentations, we chose the last option. In order to implement the integration, we had to develop ‘connecting’ software from scratch or find open source software to use as a basis. After extensive search we found Islandora - open source software developed by the University of Prince Edward Island's Robertson Library. Islandora is aimed at combining the Drupal and Fedora open software applications to create a robust digital asset management system that can be fitted to meet the short and long term requirements of digital repositories. The Islandora module allows Drupal users to view and manage digital objects stored in Fedora. Islandora comes with features like bulk ingest, collections management utilities and streamlined solution packs. Solution packs are the default collections for images and PDFs. Islandora depends on many other installations
4.2 Islandora
4.2.1 Installing Islandora
The list of requirements for installing Islandora is given below:
  1. Install Java
  2. Install Ant.  Ant is useful when installing GSearch.
  3. Install MySQl.
  4. Install MySQL or Postgres to be used as the Fedora database.
  5. Create a database schema for Fedora. 
  6. Download and install Fedora.
  7. Download and install GSearch.
  8. Edit the Tomcat-users.xml file. 
  9. Install the Fedora demo objects.
  10. Edit the fedora-users.xml file. 
  11. Install the DrupalFilter servlet.
  12. Install the Apache server.
  13. Enable url rewriting for Apache. 
  14. Install and configure PHP.
  15. Install Imagemagick. 
  16. Download and install Drupal.
  17. Install the Drupal Imageapi module.
  18. Download and install the Fedora repository module.
  19. Enable the repository module. 
  20. Create Drupal roles to assign to users.
  21. Create Drupal users and give them roles. 
  22. Ingest the demo objects through the Islandora admin page.
  23. Create your own Content Models and Collection Policies. 
  24. Edit Islandora searchTerms.xml file.
  25. Enable the advanced search block. 
We selected Islandora since it provides useful features, which appeared to be helpful in achieving the thesis goal of integrating Social and Semantic Web functionality in CMS.
The main problem of using Islandora was that the project is still under development, with frequently changing code and documentation, and lack of detailed enough documentation. Many features in the provided documentation were not working or under development.
4.2.2  Drupal Islandora Module
The Drupal Islandora module allows Drupal users to view and manage digital objects stored in Fedora.  Registered users can add, delete, search and manage digital objects. Anonymous users are only able to search digital contents. Registered users can also configure Islandora properties from Site Configuration. This will give them ability to change option like:
  • Root Collection Name
  • Root Collection PID
  • Fedora base URL
  • Fedora RISearch URL
  • Fedora SOAP Url
  • Fedora SOAP management URL
  • Enforce namespace restrictions
  • PID namespaces allowed in this Drupal installation
  • Digital Repository Title
  • Display Object Title Behavior
  • Display Object Description Behavior
  • Display Collection List Behavior
  • Export area.
The Drupal Islandora Module comes with Islandora Solution Packs, which are small Drupal modules offering custom Content Model Objects, Workflows, and Ingest Forms (the forms one sees when ingesting a new object into the repository). Solution Packs present a starting point for users with particular types of data, based on experiences working with these types of data (such as books or audio files).[1] Drupal users can install different solution packs as required into a repository by going to Islandora Configuration and then to Solution pack.
4.3 Integrating Drupal and Fedora using Islandora
We have implemented the integration through the following steps:
  1. Installing WAMP Server
  2. Installing Drupal. The detailed instructions for performing this step are given in Appendix 1.
  3. Installing Fedora. The detailed instructions for performing this step are given in Appendix 2.
  4. Installing Islandora. The detailed instructions for performing this step are given in Appendix 3.
  5. Configuring Islandora.
4.4. Configuring Islandora
For configuring Islandora we have installed on Drupal Version 6.20 the latest versions of the following modules (11.2.0 ):
  1. ImageAPI  6.x-1.9
  2. ImageAPI ImageMagick  6.x-1.9
  3. Islandora Content Model Forms..11.2.0
  4. Islandora Repository..11.2.0
  5. Islandora XML Form API..11.2.0
  6. Islandora XML Form Builder  11.2.0
  7. Islandora XML Form Elements..11.2.0
  8. Islandora XML Forms             11.2.0
  9. Islandora XML Schema API..11.2.0
  10. PHP Lib..11.2.0
  11. PHP filter..6.20
  12. Views..6.x-2.12
  13. jQuery UI..6.x-1.5
  14. jQuery Update .6.x-1.1
All these modules are required by Islandora and dependent on each other.  The Drupal installation is discussed in detail in Appendix A. The Islandora required modules are discussed in this chapter. Islandora is in a development phase and the modules are changing rapidly. Because of this, I have faced numerous installation problems, especially with the earlier versions of the modules. A newer version of the modules (11.2.0) with added functionality was released in October 2011.
After installing Islandora, the users have to configure and activate it by going to ‘Site building’ in the Drupal’s administration section.
Drupal module interface manages and provides an easier way of configuring installed modules: every module has “Depends on” and “Required by” properties that makes it easier to configure other modules, which the module to be installed depends on. Users have to activate each module one by one to fulfil the requirements of the Islandora Repository.
Figure 4.1.  Islandora Repository Module in Drupal modules
After enabling the Islandora repository module, an authorised user can login to the Drupal account.
Figure 4.2. Login page Drupal
Drupal interface shows the Digital repository link in the left panel.  
Figure 4.3.  Drupal interface for Islandora Digital repository
After getting digital repository in the Drupal interface, I received an error message for not getting a connection to the Fedora server. This error can be resolved by enabling PHP extensions in the PHP module from the WAMP server.
Figure 4.4.  Error ”Unable to connect to Fedora server”


Figure 4.5. Enabling the WAMP server PHP extensions
After configuring PHP extensions repository link show different option to View, Add and Object Details. It comes with default content modules and Islandora demo collections. 
Figure 4.6. Content model for adding collections

[1] https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ISLANDORA/Islandora




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http://computersciencetechie.blogspot.com/2012/02/integration-of-web-features-with.html
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